Why We’re Recommending
the Leptospirosis Vaccine

Why We’re Recommending the Leptospirosis Vaccine

At Aloha Animal Hospital, we follow evidence-based guidelines from the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), which now considers the leptospirosis (Lepto) vaccine a core vaccine for dogs. This recommendation is especially important for our community, as there have been confirmed cases of leptospirosis in Las Vegas in 2025.

Leptospirosis is a serious, potentially life-threatening disease that can affect both dogs and people. By proactively recommending this vaccine, we are taking an important step to protect not only our patients, but also their families. Our goal is to prevent illness before it occurs and keep everyone—pets and people—safe and healthy.

What is Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease in pets, spread via infected animal urine (wildlife, rodents, livestock) contaminating water/soil, and is zoonotic, meaning it jumps to humans. Risk factors include hiking, swimming in lakes/streams, rodent problems, or contact with wildlife. Key prevention is annual vaccination for dogs, avoiding stagnant water, controlling rodents, and hygiene (gloves when cleaning urine). Symptoms (lethargy, fever, jaundice, vomiting) need immediate vet care as it causes kidney/liver failure. 

What It Is & How Pets Get It (Especially in Nevada)

• Bacteria: Caused by Leptospira bacteria, thriving in wet environments.
• Transmission: Drinking or swimming in contaminated water (puddles, lakes, streams), soil, or food; contact with infected urine.
• Sources: Wildlife (raccoons, rodents), livestock, other dogs.
• Nevada Risk: Even urban areas with rodent issues pose a risk.

Signs & Symptoms in Dogs

• Fever, lethargy, depression
• Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite
• Increased thirst/urination (or decreased)
• Muscle pain, jaundice (yellow skin/eyes) 

Prevention for Nevada Pet Owners

• Vaccinate: Essential for at-risk dogs; requires an initial series then annual boosters.
• Avoid Stagnant Water: Don’t let pets drink or play in puddles, ponds, or streams.
• Control Rodents: Reduce rodent populations around your home.
• Hygiene: Wear gloves when cleaning pet messes; disinfect soiled areas with bleach solution. 

What to Do If You Suspect It

• Contact Your Vet Immediately: Early, aggressive treatment with antibiotics is crucial, though permanent kidney/liver damage can occur. 

Zoonotic Risk (For Owners)

• Wear gloves when cleaning up soiled areas. 
• Avoid skin contact with your dog’s urine if you suspect infection.